Latest Offenders

Description

A Gillingham sex offender who raped a young child has been jailed for 13 years.

Andrew Clark was arrested on 18 June 2023 after his victim disclosed the abuse he had suffered to officers, and the 62 year old was later charged with six offences.

Court

Clark consistently denied his crimes, prompting a trial in November 2025 which resulted in the jury finding him guilty of rape, attempted rape, three counts of sexual assault and possession of indecent images.

In addition to his imprisonment, a Sexual Harm Prevention Order was also imposed during Clark’s sentencing at Maidstone Crown Court on Tuesday 3 February.

Investigating officer DC Jack Kennedy said:

‘Andrew Clark has caused serious harm to a young person and his sentence is justly deserved for his terrible crimes.‘He denied the offences, forcing his victim to go through a prolonged trial. I’d like to commend the victim for coming forward and I hope Clark’s imprisonment brings them a sense of closure.’

Description

Following an investigation by Thames Valley Police, a man has been jailed for exposure offences in Berkshire.

Sethupathi Perisamy, aged 47, of Clifton Road, Slough, has been jailed for six months and made subject to a Sexual Harm Prevention Order for ten years.

At Reading Crown Court on Wednesday (28/1), he was found guilty of five counts of exposure.

Between the 8 March and 11 May last year, Perisamy was a food delivery driver.

As part of his job, he attended a number of addresses in Maidenhead, Slough and Windsor, during which he exposed himself to members of the public.

Perisamy was arrested on 16 May and was charged with the offences the following day.

Investigating officer, Detective Constable Ashley Jones of Berkshire East CID, said:

“Thames Valley Police’s CID team in Berkshire East conducted a thorough investigation to bring Sethupathi Perisamy to justice.

“I am pleased Perisamy has been convicted and jailed for these sexual offences, which have a significant impact on victims.

“If you have been a victim of a sexual offence, Thames Valley Police will listen and support you.

“To report an offence please contact the force by visiting a police station, leaving details via our website or calling 101.” 

Description

A rapist has been jailed for ten years for violent attacks against two women.

Jakob Ireson, 31, of Sandringham Road, Walton, Peterborough, carried out the rape in October 2023 after attending a home in the city for drinks.

He made unwanted advances towards a woman and then left but later returned and attacked her as she slept. She woke up to find him raping her.

A year later, while on police bail, officers received a 999-call reporting that Ireson had turned up at another woman’s home in March.

He had let himself into the home of his expartner, despite being subject to an 18year restraining order prohibiting him from going there.

Ireson became verbally abusive before violently attacking her - he punched her in the face several times, threw her phone at the television, and strangled her for about 30 seconds.

She later disclosed Ireson had also kicked, punched, slapped and headbutted her during the terrifying assault, leaving her with facial injuries.

On Friday, 30 January, at Cambridge Crown Court, Ireson was sentenced to eight years in prison for rape, having been found guilty on 1 August last year following a trial.

He was handed a further two years after pleading guilty to actual bodily harm (ABH), intentional strangulation, harassment by breaching a restraining order, and two counts of criminal damage.

The sentences were ordered to run consecutively.

DC Kara Halls, who investigated, said: “Ireson’s actions were violent, predatory, and showed a complete disregard for the safety and wellbeing of the women involved. The bravery of the victims in coming forward has ensured he is now behind bars and unable to harm anyone else. I hope this sentence provides them with some sense of justice and reassurance.

“We remain committed to supporting survivors of sexual and domestic violence and bringing dangerous offenders to justice. I would urge anyone experiencing abuse, or concerned for someone else’s safety, to contact us. Help and support are always available.”

Description

An Iranian rapist, Kasra Esmaelie, 28, serving a lengthy sentence at HMP Isle of Wight and slated for deportation upon release, was caught with hidden mobile phones in his cell twice within two days.

Esmaelie, formerly of Westminster, pleaded guilty at IW Magistrates’ Court on January 23 to two counts of possessing a mobile phone in prison.

The court heard he had been served deportation papers and was due for removal from the UK this year, but only after completing his sentences—not until at least 2031.

Prosecutor Serena Edwards said Esmaelie was sentenced to 13 years at Reading Crown Court in June 2023 for his role in the 2021 kidnap and rape of a woman in Slough. The victim endured a “horrendous” attack after Esmaelie and another man injected her with heroin before raping and sexually assaulting her in a public car park.

Ms. Edwards added he also received a concurrent five-year sentence in 2021 for indecent child image offenses.

After his transfer to Parkhurst prison, officers searched his cell on July 2 last year and found a mobile phone and charger in a drawer's false bottom. Two days later, on July 3, another phone was discovered in a night light.

Defender Henry Martin noted Esmaelie complied with searches, made no obstruction attempts, and admitted possession both times.

Magistrates imposed two concurrent eight-week sentences, to run alongside his existing terms, plus a £157 victim surcharge upon release—though enforcement was uncertain due to his expected deportation to Iran.

Description

A serial south Essex sex offender has been jailed after being caught on a boat off Canvey Island with a stash of indecent images of children.

Barry Mills, 60, possessed photos and videos showing children as young as two being sexually abused, including digital and hard copy images—one of which he had kept in a toilet where it could have been seen by the public, the judge said.

Essex and Sussex police raided his vessel on December 16.

At Basildon Crown Court on Monday (February 2), the sentencing hearing revealed Mills had 75 prior convictions, many sexual.

In 1985, aged 18, he was convicted of indecent assault on a child under 14.

In 1990, he was convicted of possessing indecent images of children and indecent assault of a child under 16.

In 1994, at Chelmsford Crown Court, he received eight years in prison for indecent exposure, possessing indecent images, gross indecency with a child, and multiple indecent assaults on a child under 14.

After a long gap, in 2017 he was prosecuted for indecent exposure and given a suspended sentence.

Recorder Emma Nash noted that digital analysis showed Mills collected images in December while awaiting that 2017 sentence and during his court-ordered rehabilitation.

The digital images, on a Samsung phone and tablet, were downloaded between 2015 and 2018, with some acquired recently via Telegram.

Metadata indicated he last accessed a Category A image—depicting penetrative or sadistic child abuse—in June 2025.

Prosecutor Richard Scott said Mills had over 500 Category C images, 98 Category B, and over 100 Category A, including videos, plus extreme pornography and a prohibited child image.

“There is a clear history of sexual offending in respect of this defendant,” said Mr. Scott, citing aggravating factors like “the age and vulnerability” of victims and their “discernible pain and distress.”

Defense barrister Kerrie Rowan described Mills' “early life was marred with trauma, with abuse and instability,” adding, “Many, if not all, of those issues remain unresolved,” and he was “still clearly struggling with the same history of trauma.”

She argued he was capable of rehabilitation, having stayed offense-free for about 20 years after 1994 before relapsing due to “personal upheaval,” for which he was “very angry with himself.” With help, she said, he might achieve “very hopefully, another 20-year period where he is not back before the courts,” via a “stringent” order, “very heavy intervention from probation,” and rehab to “really try, in a significant way, to deal with this emotional dysregulation.”

But Recorder Nash cited a probation report noting poor prior compliance with supervision and a “high risk of sexual offending in relation to children.” Mills had used pseudonyms on Facebook and Grindr, and admitted stashing a hard copy image “in a toilet where both children and other people went on a regular basis.”

“There is no realistic prospect of rehabilitation in this case,” she said, sentencing him to 20 months in prison.

Mills, appearing via prison video link in a green t-shirt, showed no emotion.

He also received a 10-year Sexual Harm Prevention Order banning contact with under-18s unless pre-approved by police and a parent or guardian aware of his record.

Description

A sex offender spared jail after paying young boys for explicit images has admitted breaching his internet restrictions.

Ricky Seaman, 32, denied possessing electronic devices during a police inspection of his home, but officers later found an undeclared phone hidden under a bed.

At Norwich Magistrates’ Court, he pleaded guilty to two breaches of his Sexual Harm Prevention Order (SHPO): failing to register the device and not making it available for inspection during a routine check on December 2.

Deputy District Judge Jacqui Appleton called it a “deliberate breach,” noting he had “knowingly used a device that was unregistered and when questioned had denied knowledge of it.” She committed sentencing to Norwich Crown Court, warning his suspended prison term could be activated.

Mitigating, Lucy Brakewell said Seaman inherited the phone from his late father and hadn’t realized it needed registration.

Seaman, of Tunstead Road in Hoveton, received a two-year sentence suspended for 24 months and a 10-year SHPO in February 2025 for three counts of making indecent images of children.

He admitted posing as a 14-year-old girl on TikTok (while aged 28) to communicate with teenage boys, encouraging them to send images of themselves touching themselves sexually.

The boys’ bank accounts showed £10 payments for the pictures, with Seaman offering more if they touched themselves more vigorously.

Sparing him jail, Recorder James Waddington said the “serious offences” involved “exploited” young boys, but the wider community would be “better served” by his rehabilitation.

Description

A dangerous sexual abuser who carried out a campaign of offending against two women has been sentenced to 20 years in prison after 19 charges were secured against him.

This follows an investigation carried out over several months last year by specialist detectives within our Adult Sexual Abuse Investigation Team into offences in the Chelmsford area.

The evidence gathered avoided a trial, instead leading to guilty pleas by offender Ashley Bewick, 38, who admitted:

• Five counts of rape
• Four counts of assault occasioning actual bodily harm
• Three counts of sexual assault
• Three counts of intentional suffocation
• Two counts of attempted rape
• One count of nonfatal strangulation
• One count of intentional strangulation

'I was isolated and silenced'

The first of the two victims came forward last year, reporting that she had been raped and physically abused by Bewick on many occasions, dating back as far as 2008.

This included incidents of rape, strangulation and physical assaults that left her injured.

Following his arrest, a second woman came forward to report instances of sexual assault at the hands of Bewick.

In an impact statement read to a sentencing hearing at Ipswich Crown Court, this victim said:

“He made me feel a thousand times more worthless than I already did.

“Because of him, I was isolated and silenced even further… I wish that I’d had the courage back then to report it.

“I just couldn’t. I genuinely believed that nobody would believe me.”

Now working as a police officer, this victim described the moment she came forward.

She said:

“When I saw that he was in custody, a feeling of panic rushed over me. I decided to tell my sergeant about what he’d done to me years ago.

“As the words were coming out of my mouth, I was almost in disbelief that I was finally reporting him. From that moment, the investigative team ran away with it.

“They said that it was my coming forward that further demonstrated the risk he posed to women, meaning remanding him in custody while he awaited court was the only option.

“It wasn’t just for me at that moment, and I knew I’d done the right thing to protect others too.

“My mind was all over the place, and I regretted not saying anything before – but I just thought, ‘I am a different person now, I am going to be believed, I am going to be listened to.’

“Even if you feel like something is minor and you don’t think it’s worth reporting what someone has done to you, it could help to build a bigger picture and a pattern of behaviour.

“Operation Soteria provides investigators with really valuable tools to strengthen sexual offence cases. Investigators can identify when a victim is ‘telling, not reporting’, and their wishes will be respected.

“You will be listened to and details of what the perpetrator has done to you will be recorded.

“Even if you don’t want to pursue or support a criminal investigation right now, the information you provide may be vital in strengthening any future cases that offender features in.”

Guilty pleas

In Bewick’s case, the investigative team put support in place for each victim as evidence was gathered.

Bewick admitted the charges against him on the day his trial was due to start, 12 January this year.

He was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment on Friday 23 January, with indefinite restraining orders imposed.

Detective Constable Zoe Waddup, the officer in the case, said:

“It’s really important that victims in Essex recognise there is no ticking clock when it comes to what you have gone through.

“Sexual and physical abuse is often rooted in manipulation, fear and coercion – you might not feel ready or able to make a report until months or even years later.

“I hope cases like this prove that, when you are ready, there are specialist detectives in Essex who are trained to handle these investigations.

“We listened, and we took these matters incredibly seriously.

“As a result of this investigation and what we uncovered, I do feel a 20year sentence is a fair reflection of the horrific offending perpetrated by Bewick.

“He is a violent, committed sexual offender who cared little for the suffering of his victims.

“Bewick was left with little option but to plead guilty to what he had done, and it is a small mercy that the victims will not have to face a difficult trial.”

Description

A man who raped a woman in the centre of York has been jailed.

Eid Anwar Fathi Najjar, 21, an Egyptian national of no fixed address but living in York at the time, was jailed for eight years when he appeared at York Crown Court on 2 February 2026. 

Najjar previously pleaded guilty to rape and sexual assault on 30 October after an overwhelming amount of evidence left him with no choice.

On 6 July 2025, the victim was on a night out with friends in York when Najjar singled her out and approached her. At one point he was warned by door security staff to keep away from her after his sexual and predatory behaviour raised concerns.

While door-staff were distracted, he lured the victim out of the club and into an alleyway where he raped her.

The woman was found in a distressed state by two passing members of the public who flagged down a police officer.

Although the victim could not initially recall what had happened, it soon became clear that she was the victim of a serious sexual assault and an investigation was launched to find the suspects as a matter of urgency.

An intense investigation followed involving over 20 officers that led detectives to quicky identify Najjar as the suspect along with another man who he called to the scene of rape. They were both arrested a short time later.

Najjar denied the offences during police interviews claiming that the woman he had preyed upon had consented.

However, the extensive investigation proved that she could not have consented and both CCTV, witness testimony, phone data and forensic evidence put Najjar at the scene and proved that he was the rapist, leaving him no choice but to plead guilty. In total the investigation resulted in officers processing 191 clips of CCTV footage, taking 90 witness statements and producing or seizing 183 exhibits.

Najjar was remanded in custody following his arrest and charged with rape and sexual assault on 10 July and appeared in court the following day. He has been in custody ever since.

The charges against a co-defendant who was also arrested at the time of the offence, were withdrawn after the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) determined that the evidential test for prosecution against him was no longer met.

Senior Investigating Officer, Detective Superintendent Fionna McEwan of North Yorkshire Police’s Major Investigation Team, said:

“Najjar is a sexual predator and a danger to women and is now rightly behind bars.

“My thanks go to the victim for her bravery and support of the investigation after being subjected to such a horrific ordeal.

“I would also like to thank the members of the public who took care of the victim after the attack and supported the investigation, and the numerous members of door staff who provided witness evidence and made attempts to prevent Najjar from targeting women.

“Rape and sexual assault have far-reaching and long-lasting effects on survivors and everyone in society must challenge predatory and sexualised behaviour when they see it.

“All women must be able to enjoy a night out without worrying about the entitled behaviour of predatory men.

“I urge anyone If you are a victim of rape or sexual assault, no matter when it happened, please come forward. You will be listened to and all reports will be fully investigated. Even if the incident was a long time ago and it is not possible to convict the offender, you will still be offered all of the support services that are available to victims of abuse.”

Description

A dating app rapist who conned and abused seven women targeted ten more after being freed from prison to await trial.

Ryan McVeigh, 32, used multiple aliases to inflict sexual, financial, and emotional abuse, devastating victims' lives.

The serial fraudster pled guilty to 38 charges in November at Glasgow's High Court, but a Sunday Mail investigation revealed officials missed a chance to stop him in 2023. He appeared in court on November 24, charged with serious domestic abuse, and was remanded—only to be freed five days later at Kilmarnock Sheriff Court due to a lack of evidence, later admitted as a mistake.

McVeigh then targeted 10 more women, conning them out of £55,250 and raping one before his July 2024 arrest. Overall, he admitted defrauding 17 victims of £81,872 and raping two over 12 months.

One anonymous victim criticized the system: "He has ruined so many women’s lives. But being pulled into court didn’t deter him, he actually got worse. I just feel so many women have been failed by the criminal justice system that had a chance to stop him."

Opposition politicians demanded an urgent review of bail procedures, accusing the Scottish Government of cost-cutting via the Bail and Release from Custody (Scotland) Act—effective May 14—which eases release for accused violent offenders to reduce remand numbers, potentially risking women's safety.

Justice Secretary Angela Constance insisted the changes allow remand "where victims’ safety is put at risk."

McVeigh targeted vulnerable women via Tinder and Bumble, often those escaping abuse, unemployed, or scam survivors. Using fake names like Gary Stephenson, he conned one out of £18,000 via loans and gambling accounts, then raped her posing as "Paul Justin." He lied to police, claiming to be South African.

Another victim, told he had terminal prostate cancer, arranged his funeral and lost £38,000. Others were defrauded of £8,500 and £4,000.

Judge Lady Drummond said: "The scale of your deception, coercion and abuse which you inflicted is staggering. I have received four impact statements, and I may get more. Those who have written describe how devastating the impact of your behaviour has had, placing them in constant fear and financial ruin."

Sentencing, adjourned for a psychiatric report on McVeigh's gambling issues, is set for March.

Description

A convicted sex offender from Great Harwood has been jailed again for breaching a sexual harm prevention order (SHPO).

Jake Macro, 25, of Clayton Street, appeared at Preston Crown Court on Friday (January 30) over three offences of breaching the order.

Macro sent to a young offenders' institute for four months in 2019, and slapped with a 10-year SHPO, after he made a young girl strip naked, filmed it, and published a screenshot online.

He breached that order on two occasions in October 2025 when he deleted software from his computer, which he was prohibited from doing by the order.

In July of last year, Macro appeared at Blackburn Magistrates' Court after police found a picture of his penis on a Lenovo tablet, which he claimed belonged to his sister.

Officers also found links to social media accounts, going against the terms of the SHPO.

His case was committed to the Crown Court, and he was sentenced to three years and 10 months in prison.

Description

A man who flew from America to Bedford after arranging to rape a child has been jailed for more than 11 years.

In February last year, Rahamim Shy, 47, travelled from his home in New York after arranging online to meet a young girl for sex.

Shy had set up the meeting after months of correspondence, however, unbeknown to him, the girl did not exist.

An in-depth investigation and operation carried out by Bedfordshire Police’s Internet Child Abuse Investigation Team (ICAIT), meant Shy was arrested when he arrived in Bedford.

He was found guilty on Wednesday (29 January) of arranging the commission of a child sex offence – namely rape and possessing indecent photographs of a child following a trial at Luton Crown Court.
He was found not guilty of possessing a prohibited image of a child.

He was sentenced to 11 years and six months.

Investigating Officer David Paton, from ICAIT, said:

“Shy is a predator who had clear intentions of raping and abusing a child.

“Child sexual abuse will not be tolerated in Bedfordshire and we’re committed to tackling offenders to prevent them from causing further harm. In this case the child fortunately did not exist, but the immediate threats remain the same, and we work tirelessly to identify predators who pose a risk to our society.”

Description

A man from Bognor Regis has been jailed after sexually assaulting two women while they slept. 

At Lewes Crown Court on Monday 19 January, Harry Triggs, 24, from Merton Close, Bognor Regis, was handed a 36-month sentence - 18 months to be served in custody, 18 months on extended licence - after pleading guilty to multiple sexual offences. He was also made subject to a 10-year restraining order, protecting both women.

The court heard how in August 2021, Triggs sexually assaulted a female friend at her home while she was asleep.

In a separate incident in July 2022, Triggs sexually assaulted another woman by penetration while she was in a vulnerable state and asleep.

Triggs was first arrested in August 2022 in connection with the July 2022 offence. He was later released on bail while police carried out further enquiries. 

The two women knew of each other, and it was the victim-survivor of the July 2022 assault who first came forward. This led to the victim-survivor of the August 2021 offence reporting what had happened to her. 

Following a thorough investigation, on 1 September 2025 Triggs was charged with two counts of sexual assault and one count of sexual assault by penetration. Triggs was subsequently arrested again on 30 September 2025 after failing to attend court.

Triggs pleaded guilty to all charges in November 2025, avoiding the need for a trial. Sentencing took place on 19 January 2026.

Investigating officer, DC Frances Block, said:

“By coming forward the victim-survivors showed immense courage and bravery.

“Triggs abused his friendship with two young women, sexually assaulting them while they were asleep and unable to consent. Violence against women and girls must stop.

"If you have any concerns or have experienced a sexual offence, please come forward and report it. Support is available.”

Description

A 64-year-old man who raped a woman in Horsham has been sentenced at court.

Oslen Kelman, of Lambert Road in Lambeth, London, was charged with three counts of rape relating to a woman who was known to him.

The victim – a woman in her 50s – reported being raped by Kelman in a motorway service station toilet in the early 1990s.

She also reported that Kelman had raped her multiple times over a sustained period of time.

When the allegations were first reported to Sussex Police, the victim was given specialist support by officers and our partners, which has continued throughout the investigation and judicial process.

Kelman was arrested, charged and faced a trial that concluded with a hung jury in March, 2025.

Following a retrial at Lewes Crown Court, on 28 November Kelman was found guilty of one count of rape – relating to the offence at the motorway service station – and not guilty of two separate counts of rape.

At the same court on Friday (30 January), he was sentenced to four years in prison.

Detective Constable Gemma Nickols said:

“I would like to thank the victim in this investigation for the courage and determination she has shown to report Oslen Kelman’s offending to us and help hold him accountable for his crimes.

“Thanks to her strength, Kelman is now rightly behind bars having faced justice.

“Our message to other victims of sexual offences, no matter how long ago, is to please report to Sussex Police. We will support you, we will investigate and we will do all we can to get the justice you deserve.”

Description

A man has been jailed after abducting a child and sexually assaulting three other children, following a South Wales Police investigation.

Kai Giggie, 26, also known as Kyle Wellburn and originally of Aberdeen, has been sentenced today (Friday, January 30) at Newport Crown Court to three years in prison, after he pleaded guilty to child abduction, sexual activity with a child and two sexual assaults of a child. The incidents were reported to have occurred between June and July 2025.

In addition to the prison sentence, he is the subject of a 10 year long Sexual Harm Prevention Order (SHPO) and a 10-year restraining order.

The investigation found Giggie had been posing as a teenage child aged 13 to 16 in foster care and having fled abusive placements in Scotland. Officers became aware of him after an adult raised concerns about a friend of their child who appeared to not be in the care of any adults.

Giggie had been using his fake identity to groom local children, building a friendship with them before he sexually assaulted them. Giggie also took one of the children to London without their family’s knowledge.

DC Julia Page, who led the detailed and diligent investigation, said:

“In all my career in policing, I have never come across an individual so manipulative who would go to the lengths Giggie did to gain the trust of his victims and their families.

“He took advantage of them at their most vulnerable of ages and used this to dominate them for his own benefit. I want to praise the victims in this case for their patience, bravery, and courage whilst the investigation was ongoing. These investigations can take time, but I hope that this sentencing goes some way in providing closure for them.

“Giggie is a significant risk to children, and we believe there may be other children who he has offended against. I would encourage anyone who has been a victim of sexual abuse and not reported it, for whatever reason, to contact us. You will be listened to.”

Description

A Lithuanian man who sexually assaulted a woman in Winsford has been jailed.

Arturas Galinauskas appeared at Liverpool Crown Court on Friday 30 January 2026 where he was jailed for 13 years.

The 29-year-old had earlier been found guilty of one count of sexual assault following a four-day trial at Liverpool Crown Court which concluded on Friday 12 December 2025.

During the trial, the court heard that at around 12.30am on Saturday 28 June 2025, the victim, a 19-year-old woman, visited the Hive in Winsford with two friends.

While at the premises the group were approached by a man who introduced himself as ‘Tommy’, who was an acquaintance of one of the victim’s friends.

At around 2.30am the group, including Tommy, decided to go back to the victim’s friend’s house nearby.

After returning to the address the group continued to drink, before the victim fell asleep in bed.

She awoke a short time later to find Tommy sexually assaulting her, he only stopped when victim’s friend returned to the room.

Following the incident the victim fled the address with her friend and reported the matter to police.

An investigation was launched by officers from Northwich CID who quickly identified Tommy as Arturas Galinauskas.

He was subsequently arrested in the Delamere Street area of Winsford. During questioning he claimed that all the sexual activity was consensual. Despite his claims, he was later charged in relation to the allegations.

Following the sentencing, Detective Constable Bethany Green, who led the investigation said:

"Firstly, I would once again like to thank the bravery shown by the victim throughout this case.

“The incident had a profound impact on her, but thanks her for the courage a dangerous man is now behind bars.

“While she will never be able to forget what happened that night, I hope that the substantial prison sentenced that has been handed to Galinauskas will provide her with some closure and allow her to move forward with her life.”

In addition to his prison sentence Galinauskas has also been ordered to sign the sex offenders register for life.

Detective Sergeant James Elliot, of Northwich CID, added:

“Nobody should have to experience what the victim has been though and if anything can come from this case, I hope that it encourages other victims of sexual offences to come forward and report them to us. 

“We treat all reports of sexual offences extremely seriously, and any allegation will be thoroughly investigated, with the wishes and needs of the victim as our main priority.

“Victims should never feel ashamed to talk about what they have been subjected to. They will receive the help and support they need from our specialist officers, as well as from other support agencies we work alongside, and all victims of sexual offences have the right to anonymity.”